Household consumption accounts for 56% of Australia’s GDP, making it the main engine of growth for the economy. When households cut back, the economy suffers, with flow-on effects to business and government in the form of lower sales and taxation revenue.

As consumers start making dramatic changes to their daily habits due to the coronavirus, what is the likely impact on discretionary spending and, by extension, GDP growth over the next quarter?

Based on the ABS national accounts data, rent and dwelling services is the largest component of consumer spending, representing 11.5% of GDP. This is followed by recreation and culture at 5.6%, food at 5.2%, and hospitality at 3.9%.

Australia’s consumption as a % of GDP

Source: ABS, Heuristic

Some of these components of household spending are more cyclical – that is, they’re more sensitive to changes in the economic environment. The table below, prepared by Heuristic, shows each sector’s growth during the 1990s recession when GDP dropped 1.4% over four quarters. For example, it shows that purchases of new cars declined 17.8%, while food rose 1.1%.

The second and third columns show the average quarterly growth of each component in ‘recession’ and ‘non-recession’ regimes. This gives us an idea of which sectors might be more ‘discretionary’. For example, communications may have grown 2.6% in the 90’s recession, but growth outside of recessions was 7.8% per quarter. The final two columns show the share of each component of overall consumption and GDP.

We estimate that 40% of consumption is ‘discretionary’, and therefore at risk in the current environment, at least for the next one or two quarters. Note that the ABS’s retail sales data is ‘discretionary’ and represents around 30% of consumption. We estimate discretionary spending is around 22% of GDP. Some of these sectors (such as hospitality) are experiencing declines of 50% or more, while others may experience declines of 10%. Other sectors are experiencing significant increases in the short term (such as food).

Given the nature of the coronavirus pandemic, transport services are unlikely to lift as it did in the previous recession, while recreation and culture will suffer more than in the last recession.

Spending on the discretionary sectors could decline by at least 17% over the quarter. This would force overall consumer spending down some 6–7%. Once we allow for an imported component of 20%, the potential near-term impact on GDP could be in the vicinity of 3%. Chinese retail sales data released earlier in the week revealed a 20.5% decline over January and February due to business and industry shutdowns.

Hopefully we start to see positive effects from fiscal stimulus, along with the rate cuts and other measures announced by the RBA, although this won’t be evident until the June quarter. The good news, if there is any, is that markets have likely already priced in a significant hit to GDP, meaning there shouldn’t be much of a reaction when the next GDP release comes along.

Consumption during recessionary and non-recessionary periods

Source: ABS, Heuristic

This document provides subscribers an up-to-date view on how products in general are responding to the COVID-19 induced correction. It includes a range of high level discussions such as market watchpoints and comments on all headline sectors. There are also performance snapshots for the period from 20 February to 16 March 2020 giving an early preview into the scope of the March numbers. Notably, Lonsec analysts are maintaining regular contact with fund managers and have heightened their surveillance during these volatile times.

Diversification worked well in the last week of February 2020 as equity markets sold off in response to the rapidly escalating COVID-19 pandemic. Bond markets, notably the highest quality and safest bonds (government bonds and high-quality investment grade credit) rose in price, providing a cushioning impact to multi-asset portfolios. Bonds, as expected, provided good diversification benefits in what was a typical ‘flight to quality’ episode.

Roll forward to March and we are now seeing a very different market – one that is evolving rapidly. Most notably, bond yields have been rising, meaning prices have been falling. What’s going on? Are bond markets looking through the current bad news and pricing in an economic recovery? Usually yields rally in response to positive economic news, don’t they?  Unfortunately, this is not the case. Rising yields and falling equity markets are not a good combination for multi asset investors because it means correlations have risen.

10-year government bonds yields began rising rapidly in March

Source: Bloomberg, Lonsec

What we are seeing and hearing from our fund managers is that there are severe liquidity issues in bond markets. Our fixed income managers are reporting limited liquidity in what are usually the most liquid securities: government bonds. There are simply very few buyers of these assets and many sellers. Adding to the problem is the widening pipeline of bonds, with more supply on the way courtesy of government fiscal stimulus plans, which will be funded via new bond issuance. The impact of increased supply is, of course, to lower prices.

General deleveraging by investors is clearly taking place. Investors are selling any liquid assets they can – including bonds – to fund redemptions, margin calls, or simply to move into cash. Some of our fixed income managers have been taking profit, trimming their positions after building in additional duration to their portfolios in the second half of last year. Parts of the market are blaming hedge fund sellers (always the first and easiest to blame) and some are blaming social distancing, which is making it more difficult for bond traders to execute their trades working from home.

At the same time, we’ve seen companies drawing down their entire credit lines at banks in efforts to shore up their balance sheets and make it through the next few weeks, months, or quarters with little to no revenue coming in. Access to cash (or credit) is essential to keeping these businesses alive and through to the other side of this shutdown. Bills, interest payments and fixed costs still need to be serviced. Companies are hording cash, and those that held government bonds as part of their liquidity reserves are selling. The demand for liquidity has been great, and cash – or ‘cashflow’ – is certainly king in this environment.

In efforts to avoid a repeat of the global financial crisis, central banks are throwing everything they’ve got at this, flooding markets with liquidity to ensure credit markets continue to function and companies have access to funding. Stabilizing the government bond curve (off which all credit securities are priced) is a critical first step for a functioning credit market.

Here in Australia, the RBA announced a number of measures, including dropping the cash rate to 0.25%, providing strong forward guidance, introducing a term funding facility, and announcing its intention to buy government bonds across the curve to ensure the 3-year yield remains low at 0.25%. We expect a large buyer (with deep pockets) entering the market could go some way towards stabilizing bond yields. On the back of the RBA announcement, yields on the 3-year bond dropped from 0.62% to 0.35%. This is a good first step, however we will be monitoring markets closely to see if it is enough. Thankfully, we think the RBA still has more left in its arsenal if required.

Generally, we expect ETFs to trade close to their net asset value (NAV) due to the redemption mechanism that allows authorised participants to arbitrage between the ETF shares and the underlying shares.

However, in this recent period of heightened volatility and dislocation due to COVID-19, a number of ETFs have been trading at significant discounts, especially fixed income ETFs with large allocations to credit and high yield.

At the market’s close on 18 March, some of these discounts had narrowed to a small degree, but still ranged from -2% to -8%. The main issue is been the disruption to price discovery as credit markets have come under heightened stress, especially in the wake of the heavy falls in oil prices.

On the global equity ETF side, there has also been evidence of enhanced spreads immediately after US futures markets going into ‘limit down’ after breaching the -5% limit. The reason is that, due to time zone differences, market makers need to use futures markets as proxies when regional markets are closed and the ASX is open.

Without the S&P 500 futures markets to use as a proxy, market makers cannot effectively hedge their risk premia and need to use less-than-perfect proxies, exposing them to basis risk. This then narrows as regional markets open.

As a general observation, though, it’s fair to say that the local ETF market is holding up reasonably well in what has quickly turned into a severe market dislocation event. Markets such as these also shine a light on the golden rule for ETF liquidity, which is that the more liquid the underlying portfolio, the greater the efficacy of market making activities.

For example, cash and enhanced cash ETFs (such as BILL, AAA) are trading at NAV and have had basis point spreads, and large ASX ETFs have also been trading very well from a spread perspective. Importantly, while it is hard at present to gauge how long markets will stay volatile, the discounts and spread volatility should ease as markets normalise (whenever that might be).

The final point is that T+2 settlements for ETFs are very valuable in a ‘cash is king’ market such as this. This, along with the efficiency in implementing trades, has no doubt been behind the strong trading volumes we have seen, especially in larger ETFs.

Sadly, the title of our Symposium now seems all too prophetic.

Following the advice of the Australian government and health authorities, we’ve decided that the best option is to cancel the event.

Over 900 people were already registered to attend, but we all need to help ‘flatten the curve’ and prevent the spread as much as we can.

At this stage we’re not planning to re-schedule, but we’re working to make the content available to everyone who registered. We’ll provide further information on how to access these materials as it becomes available.

Who knows, we may all have plenty of time at home to watch and read!

We’d like to thank our event sponsors, AllianceBernstein, Fidante, Fidelity, Investors Mutual, Legg Mason, Pendal Group, Schroders and Talaria, and we look forward to continuing to work with them to keep you informed.

Feel free to put the Lonsec Symposium 2021 (Thursday 29th April 2021) in your diaries, and we look forward to seeing you all there, if not before.

The coronavirus has had a major impact on equity markets in the past few days, and the uncertainty surrounding looks set to continue for some time. Peter Green, our Head of Listed Products, looks at the stocks that have been directly and indirectly affected, as well as some of the reporting season’s best and worst performers.

It has been a turbulent start to the year with Australia beginning the recovery process from the tragic bushfires followed by the threat of a global pandemic with cases of the coronavirus increasing across the globe. Despite these events markets did not flinch in January, with equity markets generating strong returns for the month as liquidity conditions continue to be supportive of markets.

If we look at previous incidents of viral outbreaks, such as SARS in 2003 and H1N1 (swine flu) in 2009, short-term corrections were within the range of 5% to 15%. These corrections were followed by strong rebounds. The consensus view is that global growth will be down in the first quarter of the year as a result of the coronavirus with the key variable being how long the threat of the virus persists.

While history is a useful guide in this case, it must be said that the effect of this epidemic is likely to be greater given China’s dominant presence in the global economy, given the faster spread of the disease and the measures taken to combat it. The extended closure of Chinese industry, restrictions on people movement, disrupted supply chains, declines in key commodity prices, bans on Chinese travel and the flow-on effect to confidence will severely hamper growth in China and the countries and regions most heavily reliant on China.

While at the time of the SARS outbreak China accounted for around 9.0% of global output on a PPP basis, it now accounts for 19%, and this proportion is only likely to increase in coming years, according to the IMF. China accounts for 18% of global tourism spending (up from 4.0% in 2008) while overall tourism (domestic and global) spending accounts for more than 10.0% of Chinese GDP and has been contributing almost 1.5% to annual GDP growth. To place China’s emergence on the global stage into perspective, in 2003 there were 20 million Chinese overseas visits and in 2018, 150 million. The Chinese economy accounted for about 30% of global growth in 2019. So a drop in Chinese GDP growth to 5.0% for the year, assuming the virus is contained within a short period, would detract 0.2–0.3% from global growth.

China now accounts for around 19% of global output

Source: IMF, Lonsec

From an Australian equities perspective, we are likely to see earnings outlook downgrades across a number of sectors, at a time of elevated valuations and a sub-par growth outlook. While earnings across the Healthcare, Consumer Staples and Infrastructure sectors should be relatively immune to recent events, based on Lonsec’s initial estimates, 2020 earnings estimates for the Resources (Energy, Iron Ore and Copper), Tourism/Travel and Consumer Discretionary sectors are likely to see significant one-off earnings revisions, capturing the impact of the coronavirus outbreak and the recent bushfires across Australia. However, such downgrades are unlikely to impact the long-term investment thesis for most companies and should be regarded as short-term headwinds, reflecting a series of one-off unfortunate events.

From an asset allocation perspective, Lonsec’s multi-asset portfolios remain very well diversified with only a small direct exposure to Chinese equity and bond markets. Consequently, our current focus is on the flow on effects that a sustained slowdown in Chinese growth may have on the domestic growth outlook given our close trading ties. As previously noted, our valuation indicators for Australian equities remain elevated, making them susceptible to a pullback should Chinese authorities’ attempts to stabilise growth fail. We have maintained our slight underweight positions in both global and Australian equities for the time being, however continue to monitor events closely.

While there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the coronavirus outbreak, Lonsec notes that this event does pose a long “tail risk” for global markets should the outbreak get out of hand. These factors make it a challenging period for investors, where factors other than fundamentals are having a material impact on the trajectory of markets. In such an environment, we believe selective valuation opportunities will present themselves for long-term investors, however ensuring that your portfolio is diversified will be very important in navigating an increasingly volatile market environment.

 

The strength of equity markets during 2019 and the start of 2020 saw an increase in valuation premiums in the market resulting in a number of sectors trading at record highs. But the reporting season outlook has been impacted by a slowing global economy, the devastating bushfires across Australia and the coronavirus, elevating the risk profile of the market.

In this first video of our Reporting season series, Lonsec’s Listed Products Portfolio Manager, Danial Moradi, takes an in-depth look at how companies performed over the first two weeks of the reporting season.

The outbreak of the coronavirus in over 28 countries has sent shockwaves through global financial markets over the past fortnight with increasing levels of uncertainty and misinformation evident across a number of regions. While there are many unknowns regarding this outbreak, there is likely to be continued disruption to economic activity ahead, which is unlikely to subside until the outbreak is brought under control.

The impact of the coronavirus on equity markets is likely to be multi-faceted with the potential to impact earnings across a numbers of sectors over 2020. While Asian equity markets are likely to take the brunt of the initial impact, the effects are likely to be felt across global markets, noting that previous outbreaks over the last two decades have resulted in short–term equity market corrections within a range of 5-15%.

Implications on the Australian equity market

From an Australian equities perspective, we are likely to see earnings outlook downgrades across a number of sectors, at a time of elevated valuations and a sub-par growth outlook, particularly as we head into the February reporting season. While earnings across the Healthcare, Consumer Staples and Infrastructure sectors should be relatively immune to recent events, based on Lonsec’s initial estimates, 2020 earnings estimates for the Resources (Energy, Iron Ore and Copper), Tourism/Travel and Consumer Discretionary sectors are likely to see significant one-off earnings revisions, capturing the impact of the coronavirus outbreak and the recent bushfires across Australia. However, such downgrades are unlikely to impact the long-term investment thesis for most companies and should be regarded as short-term headwinds, reflecting a series of one-off unfortunate events.

Lonsec’s asset allocation views

From an asset allocation perspective, Lonsec’s multi-asset portfolios remain very well diversified with only a small direct exposure to Chinese equity and bond markets. Consequently, our current focus is on the flow on effects that a sustained slowdown in Chinese growth may have on the domestic growth outlook given our close trading ties. As previously noted, our valuation indicators for Australian equities remain elevated, making them susceptible to a pullback should Chinese authorities’ attempts to stabilise growth fail. We have maintained our slight underweight positions in both global and Australian equities for the time being, however continue to monitor events closely.

While there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the coronavirus outbreak, Lonsec notes that this event does pose a long “tail risk” for global markets should the outbreak get out of hand. These factors make it a challenging period for investors, where factors other than fundamentals are having a material impact on the trajectory of markets. In such an environment, we believe selective valuation opportunities will present themselves for long-term investors, however ensuring that your portfolio is diversified will be very important in navigating an increasingly volatile market environment.

Important information: Any express or implied rating or advice is limited to general advice, it doesn’t consider any personal needs, goals or objectives.  Before making any decision about financial products, consider whether it is personally appropriate for you in light of your personal circumstances. Obtain and consider the Product Disclosure Statement for each financial product and seek professional personal advice before making any decisions regarding a financial product.